Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 7 Articles
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the\nvulnerability of groundwater to contamination in the\nvicinity of Ramtha wastewater treatment plant using a\nmodified DRASTIC method in a GIS environment. A\ngroundwater pollution potential map was prepared using\nmodified DRASTIC method by adding lineaments and land\nuse/land cover parameters. The values of the modified\nDRASTIC index were classified into three categories: low,\nmoderate and high. About 36.5 % of the study area is\noccupied by the high vulnerability class, 56.5 % is occupied\nby the moderate vulnerability class and 9 % is occupied\nby the low vulnerability class. Chemical analysis of\nthe water samples collected from wells distributed in the\nstudy area and tapping Umm Rijam aquifer indicated that\nthe nitrate concentration ranges from 20 to 193 mg/L with\nan average 65.5 mg/L. Nitrate exceeded the permissible\nlimits of WHO and Jordanian standards in 69 and 54 % of\nthe NO3\n- samples, respectively. The modified DRASTIC\nmodel was validated using nitrate concentration. Results\nshowed a good match between nitrate concentrations level\nand the groundwater vulnerability classes....
Shale gas is currently being explored in Europe\nas an alternative energy source to conventional oil and gas.\nThere is, however, increasing concern about the potential\nenvironmental impacts of shale gas extraction by hydraulic\nfracturing (fracking). In this study, we focussed on the\npotential impacts on regional water resources within the\nBaltic Basin in Poland, both in terms of quantity and\nquality. The future development of the shale play was\nmodeled for the time period 2015ââ?¬â??2030 using the LUISA\nmodeling framework. We formulated two scenarios which\ntook into account the large range in technology and resource\nrequirements, as well as two additional scenarios\nbased on the current legislation and the potential restrictions\nwhich could be put in place. According to these\nscenarios, between 0.03 and 0.86 % of the total water\nwithdrawals for all sectors could be attributed to shale gas\nexploitation within the study area. A screening-level\nassessment of the potential impact of the chemicals commonly\nused in fracking was carried out and showed that\ndue to their wide range of physicochemical properties,\nthese chemicals may pose additional pressure on freshwater\necosystems. The legislation put in place also influenced\nthe resulting environmental impacts of shale gas extraction.\nEspecially important are the protection of vulnerable\nground and surface water resources and the promotion of\nmore water-efficient technologies....
Background. In 2000, a Zambian private mining company reintroduced the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to\ncontrolmalaria in two districts. From2000 to 2010, DDT had been applied in homes without any studies conducted to ascertain its\nfate in the environment.We aimed to quantify the presence of DDT and its metabolites in the soil and water around communities\nwhere it was recently used. Methods. We collected superficial soil and water samples from drinking sources of three study areas.\nDDT was extracted by QuEChERS method and solid phase extraction for soils and water, respectively. Analysis was by gas\nchromatography-mass spectrometry. A revalidated method with limits of detection ranging from 0.034 to 0.04 ppb was used.\nResults. Median levels of total DDT were found at 100.4 (IQR 90.9ââ?¬â??110) and 725.4 ng/L (IQR 540ââ?¬â??774.5) for soils and water,\nrespectively. No DDT above detection limits was detected in the reference area. These results are clinically significant given the\npersistent characteristics of DDT. Conclusion. DDT presence in these media suggests possible limitations in the environmental\nsafeguards during IRS. Such occurrence could have potential effects on humans, especially children; hence, there is a need to further\nexamine possible associations between this exposure and humans....
The monthly variations of physico-chemical parameters were studied during January to December 2012 in the Coleroon estuary southeast coast of India. The water temperature ranged between 21.5 and 33.2°C. Salinity fluctuated between 9.6 and 31.4 psu. The pH ranged from 7.5 and 8.3. The DO was ranged from 3.14 to 5.8 mg/l. The nutrients such as nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate and silicate ranged from 0.23 to 1.4 µmol/l, 3.57 to 10.91 µmol/l, 0.4 to 1.7 µmol/l and 28.73 to 68.9 µmol/l respectively. The DO and nutrients was found to be low in summer and high during monsoon season. Similarly temperature, pH and salinity were low during monsoon and high during summer season....
Objective of this research was to record the morphometric and meristic characters and to estimate the length-weight relationship of the Parapocryptes rictuosus collected from mudflats of Diamond harbor, West Bengal, India. Samples of the P. rictuosus were collected by dip net, scoop net, cast net and hand picking. A total of 280 specimens (157 males and 123 females) ranging from 8 cm to 20.0 cm in size were collected. The morphometric and meristic characters of the fishes were examined (cm). The ‘b’ values traced for males (2.827) and females (2.728) were found to vary significantly. In this study, the slope length (b) was below the expected ‘3’ that indicates that this fish becomes more slender as it increases....
The present study was undertaken on physico-gas-chemical parameters in seasonal variation from January-2014 to December 2014. The seasonal variations in parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and nutrients like nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, reactive silicate and total suspended solids were studied in Cuddalore coastal waters, Southeast coast of India, for a period of one year during the postmonsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon seasons. Surface water temperature varied from 24.0°C to 34.2°C. Salinity varied from 30.2‰ to 35.4‰ and the pH ranged between 8.10 and 8.40. Variation in dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.86 to 6.94 mg/l and the biological oxygen demand varied from 0.297 to 1.387 mg/l. The concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphates, total phosphate and reactive silicates 0.094 to 1.963; 1.327 to 4.625; 0.085 to 1.985; 2.535 to 9.262; 0.215 to 2.967; 0.736 to 5.068 and 1.392 to 21.639 µmol/l respectively. The total suspended solids 42 to 123 mg/l were also recorded in the study period....
The present study was made to assess spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of Uppanar estuary for the period of one year from January 2014 - December 2014. Various parameters like temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonical-nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphate and reactive silicate was studied and was noticed ranged between 23.1°C to 35.5°C, 6.1 to 8.6, 6.85 psu to 33.99 psu, 2.19 to 5.97 mg/l, 0.125 mg/l to 2.920 mg/l, 0.105 µmol/l to 3.458 µmol/l, 4.265 µmol/l to 27.635 µmol/l, 3.565 µmol/l to 26.235 µmol/l, 8.632 µmol/l to 74.202 µmol/l, 0.458 µmol/l to 13.525 µmol/l TP and 10.235 µmol/l to 103.265 µmol/l respectively. The concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, inorganic phosphate silicate level were very high at station 5. The results indicated that the water quality of the Uppanar River was moderately polluted might be due to the continuous discharge of municipal and industrial effluents situated in an around the river....
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